Case Study in Managerial Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Contextual investigation in Managerial Accounting - Essay Example The expense endor being put at $5.50 is alluded to as the variable expense since it is accepted to be the market cost however it will in general fluctuate contingent upon the market circumstances. The $5.75 is alluded to as the period cost since utilized for bookkeeping purposes to record the genuine cost to be brought about when the item is bought The $14,000 that Alderon got from Solo Industries is alluded to as fixed value that Solo Industries fixed for the tatooine. The $20,000 that Alderon paid is alluded to as the item cost since Aalderon really brought about the expense and it was utilized for bookkeeping purposes.10If the tatooine was bought today by Alderon, at that point it would cost $11.00 which is in this manner alluded to as the market cost. The $1,000 is alluded to as roundabout work cost as the cost can't be straightforwardly followed back to the item. The $10,000 that would have been a gift of every one of the 10 percent watchers of the untamed life show is an open door cost as the best sworn off other option. The $5000 is alluded to as the expense cost as it would be the future income. The $25,000 is the income cost liable to be gathered once the untamed life show is offered to another TV program. The natural life show has a littler survey rate yet have high salary of $10000ãâ€"10=$100,000 when contrasted with the assembling appear with a major review rate yet low pay of $5000ãâ€"15=$75000. It is accordingly of hugeness to show natural life instead of assembling

Synthesis of Salicylic Acid and Potentiometric Determination of Its Purity and Dissociation Constant

Union of Salicylic Acid and Potentiometric Determination of its Purity and Dissociation Constant â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€- Abstract The reason for the examination is to combine salicylic corrosive from the ester, methyl salicylate, and decide the acid’s separation consistent and immaculateness. The ester was changed over to salicylic corrosive by base hydrolysis. The items were refluxed and recrystallized, to guarantee greatest immaculateness, and sifted, dried, and gauged. The dissolving purpose of the item was resolved utilizing a Fischer-Johns liquefying point device. The corrosive at that point broke up in independent containers with 95% ethanol and water and titrated with 0. 050 M NaOH, recently normalized with potassium hydrogen phthalate, through potentiometric titration. The pH after option of base was estimated and plotted against the volume of titrant included utilizing three unique plots. Results show a 61. 0% yield and the dissolving point contrasted from the hypothetical by a scope of 3. 11-6. 83%. The pKa determined was 2. 865, contrasting from the writing estimation of 2. 98, by 3. 86%. The hypothetical virtue of the example was 100. 0%, which contrasted with the trial one by 1. %; the trial immaculateness is 101. 7%. Potentiometric titration ends up being satisfactory in the assurance of the corrosive separation steady and virtue of an example. Beside that, the amalgamation demonstrated satisfactory given the high immaculateness of the item. â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€- Keywords: co rrosive separation consistent virtue liquefying point ester INTRODUCTION Potentiometric strategies for examination depend on estimating the capability of electrochemical cells without drawing a lot, apparent current. For a considerable length of time, potentiometry has been utilized to find the endpoint in most titration set-ups. Skoog, et al. , 2004). Potentiometric strategies offer a bunch of points of interest, its principle advantage being its low operational expenses. Voltmeters and cathodes are, by and large, far less expensive than most current logical instruments. Models appropriate for direct potentiometry in field work, away from the research facility, are cheap, conservative, and simple to utilize. Basically nondestructive of the example, I. e. , addition of the anode doesn't radically change the organization of the test arrangement (with the exception of the slight spillage of electrolytes from the reference cathode), terminals are generally liberated from obstructions. Stable potential readings are accomplished decently quickly and voltages are handily recorded as elements of time. At last, the wide scope of analyte exercises, over which a portion of the accessible marker anodes display stable, almost Nernstian reactions, speaks to a significant bit of leeway (Day and Underwood, 1991). Potentiometric titrations include estimation of the capability of an appropriate pointer terminal as a component of titrant volume. This pointer terminal is speecific to the hydronium particle, H3O+. It offers adavantages over direct potentiometry in that it isn't reliant on estimating outright estimations of Ecell. This is expected to having the estimation dependent on the titrant volume that causes a quick change in potential close to the comparability point. This makes the procedure generally liberated from the juction potential vulnerabilities as this potential remains around consistent during the titration procedure. Rather, the titration results rely intensely upon having a titrant with precisely known focus. The instrument just signals the endpoint and carries on like a customary substance pointer. Beside that, the reference anode potential need not be known. Above all, ionic quality impacts are not significant in the titration technique in light of the fact that the outcome is analyte focus, regardless of whether the anode reacts to exercises. The separation of a feeble monoprotic corrosive is given by the condition HA †H+ + A†(1) [H+][Aâ€] [HA] where HA is the monoprotic corrosive, and A†is its conjugate base. The relating harmony steady for this corrosive separation is characterized as Ka = (2) Ka[HA] [Aâ€] which, when trying to discover [H+], reworks to [H+] = (3) Prior to the identicalness point, before any titrant was included and the analyte is the main species present in arrangement, the pH of the framework is determined from the convergence of that analyte and its separation consistent. For the situation where a frail monoprotic corrosive is being titrated with a solid base, resulting expansion of the titrant will make a response happen between the corrosive and the base. HA + OH†> H2O + A†(4) The nearness of the corrosive and its conjugate base in arrangement will cause the development of a cushion arrangement, which are arrangements that oppose an extraordinary change in pH, should a solid corrosive or base be added to the framework. At these focuses, the slant of a built titration bend is at its base. This is the pre-identicalness point. There is a point during the pre-comparability point locale wherein both the corrosive and its conjugate base are available in equivalent sums. This happens when half of the corrosive has been killed, or when the titration is at the half-identicalness point. Now, the buffering limit of the framework is at its most extreme. Beside that, disentangling Eq. 3 now by assessment, the [H+] is equivalent to that of the Ka. Taking the negative of the logarithm of the two sides, one will have the option to get the connection pH = pKa (Skoog, et al. , 2004). In this way, the separation consistent might be registered through deciding the pH at half-proportionality point. This examination will utilize salicylic corrosive as the analyte. Salicylic corrosive, Fig. 1. Salicylic corrosive is a feeble monoprotic corrosive, fit for discharging the acidic hydrogen associated with the â€COOH gathering. The hydrogen of the phenol bunch is difficult to discharge in light of the fact that the oxygen is balanced out by reverberation. Salicylic corrosive is a normally occuring substance, typically delivered by plants. It is found chiefly in the willow's leaves and bark. The unadulterated corrosive has a few helpful therapeutic properties. It is an antipyretic (fever reducer), pain relieving (torment reliever) and calming (growing reducer). Be that as it may, unadulterated salicylic corrosive makes for a very disagreeable medication. Salicylic corrosive contains two acidic practical gatherings, the phenolic (C6H5OH) and the carboxylic corrosive (RCOOH) gatherings. These gatherings cause the corrosive to be an aggravating substance that consumes the fragile coating of the mouth, throat, and stomach, henceforth its esterification to acetylsalicylic corrosive or anti-inflamatory medicine, before ingestion as pain relieving (Reed College, 2009). Esterificaton is the procedure by which a carboxylic corrosive is changed to an ester. Esters are natural exacerbates that are inferred for the most part by responding a carboxylic corrosive and a liquor. The general equation for esters is with the RC=O bunch gotten from the parent carboxylic corrosive, and the â€OR’ bunch from the parent liquor. The component for the response of the liquor and carboxylic corrosive to shape the ester is as per the following: Fig. 2. System of Esterification from a Carboxylic corrosive RCOOH and liquor R’OH Esters may likewise be orchestrated by responding the carboxylic corrosive with different reagents, for example, SOCl2 to frame the acyl chloride, which will at that point be treated with a liquor in pyridine, to esterify it. Esters are among the most across the board of all normally occuring mixes. Numerous esters are wonderful smelling fluids that are answerable for the fragrant scent of leafy foods. For instance, methyl butanoate is discovered n pineapple oil and isopentyl acetic acid derivation is a constituent of banana oil. The ester linkage is likewise present in creature fats and other naturally significant atoms. The substance business likewise utilizes esters for an assortment of purposes. Ethyl acetic acid derivation, for instance, is normally utilized as a dissolvable whi le numerous dialkyl phthalates are utilized as plasticizers to shield polymers from being fragile (McMurry, 2004). Methyl salicylate is delivered by numerous plants. It was first confined from wintergreen leaves, Gaulthea procumbens, and is regularly known as oil of wintergreen. Fig. 3. Methyl salicylate An ester of salicylic corrosive and methanol, it veils one of the acidic hydrogens in salicylic corrosive by supplanting it with a methyl (CH3â€) gathering. Subsequently, it is a generally lifeless intensify that doesn't discharge salicylic corrosive productively into the body. It is, consequently, not a successful pain relieving, or torment executioner. In any case, it is added to numerous items, quite for its scent, particularly root lager and liniments. With the goal for it to be actuated, methyl salicylate must be changed over to salicylic corrosive by natural combination, explicitly through saponification, a procedure much the same as that experienced by creature fats to become cleansers (McMurry, 2004). In this examination, salicylic corrosive will be orchestrated from methyl salicylate by base hydrolysis. Its separation consistent will likewise be estimated through potentiometric titration. In like manner, the level of virtue the salicylic corrosive utilized in the response will be in like manner decided. Approach In combining salicylic corrosive, 1. 2 g of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were broken down in 7 mL water in a round base flagon.. Half of a milliliter (0. 5 mL) of methyl salicylate was added to this blend. The blend was then efluxed for 15 minutes and cooled to room temperature. One-milliliter augmentations of 3 M sulfuric corrosive (H2SO4) were included until the development of a white encourage, salicylic corrosive. Half of a milliliter (0. 5 mL) of the corrosive was added to guarantee total precipitation of the item. The blend was then cooled in an ice water shower with a temperature of at generally 5 °C for the response to die down. The item was then separated and flushe d with cold water, and recrystallized in water. The solids were then sifted on a pre-gauged channel paper and air-dried in the storage

Working Seeples Yasmina Dardari MIA 17 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Working Seeples Yasmina Dardari MIA ’17 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog In addition to taking 14 to 16 credits a semester and participating in student groups, some SIPA students also work part-time jobs or internships. Earlier this semester, SIPA News spoke with Yasmina Dardari MIA ’17 to discuss how she manages the demands of school, her social life, and her internship at Unbendable Media. What did you do before coming to SIPA? I worked in D.C. for a few years at public-interest communications firm that did work for nonprofits and governments. I decided to attend SIPA to dig deeper into my own interests in media and human rights and also explore some of the the policy issues my clients were working on. I’m really into media, politics, public relations, strategic campaigning, and human rights. My specialization in Technology, Media, and Communications and my concentration in Human Rights and Humanitarian Policy allows me to combine all of these interests. What do you do at Unbendable Media? Unbendable Media is a team of communications practitioners that do campaign strategy and public relations work for organizations that aim to build a better, more progressive world. A former colleague started the company and and reached out to me to join his team. I do much of the same work I did with the firm in D.C.â€"providing campaign strategy and public relations works for organizations working for the public interest. Having this particular part-time job has really informed my SIPA education. My clients work on the same policy problems that we work on at SIPA, so my work informs school and school informs my work. It’s like a two-way symbiotic relationship that makes me a better employee and student. Why Unbendable Media? I wanted to keep myself sharp in the field that I care about, so I started interning at the organization last summer. They liked my work and asked me to stay on as a part-time worker. I enjoy the work, so it was a no-brainer to accept the offer. It will allow me to work in media and politics, which is where my heart is. How do you balance your school and work commitments? It’s not easy. It’s give and take. Ideally I wouldn’t have to work while attending school, but financially I can’t afford not to. I didn’t work my first semester, which allowed me to throw myself into my studies. I was able to go to lectures and fully dedicate myself to schoolwork. It became difficult after that because I was the co-president for the Middle East Dialogue Group and had an assistantship in addition to my part-time work at Unbendable Media. Sometimes I feel like I’m missing out on the full SIPA experience. My schedule is exhausting but it’s taught me the value of self-care. I know now how important it is to keep my stamina up, so I’m smarter about taking breaks and making efforts to spend time on my hobbies and see friends. Also, my time management skills have improved so much because of this experience. I make sure I’m on track and hit my benchmarks. My life would be a lot less stressful [if I didn’t work outside SIPA], but you can make it work if you have structure. This interview, conducted by Serina Bellamy MIA ’17, has been condensed and edited.

My Life And The Internet - 1200 Words

Learning Portfolio. SECTION A. Everyday life and the Internet is entwined, the Internet has transformed modern behavior, and virtually every aspect of living, is both widely known and a source of ongoing study. In plain terms, such unlimited access to information and communication has radically altered concepts of self and community. It gives us up to date information to start our day from finance, work schedules, family. Marshall McLuhan quoted: â€Å"When something becomes commonplace people don’t identify it as everyday life, it becomes almost invisible†. This unconscious control associated to other elements of everyday routines, such as showering, cleaning, from a long inner structure we recognize, these activities are built into our psyches from a very young age, fabrics of living from generations of ones family or society in which we live, a formula for everyday routines. These activities vary from culture to culture; both reflect each community or environment in which they live. Faith and Spi rituality was main focus for my subject choice, raised in a large extended strict catholic family, although my immediate family today do not participate in partaking rituals, but religion hold a strong fabric. Within all of this lies the critical component of how spirituality, traditionally so fundamental an element in everyday life, is affected as well. Community and identity connects directly with religion, belief and faith are the foundations to religious communities and helpShow MoreRelatedThe Influence Of The Internet On Society901 Words   |  4 Pagestechnology has greatly influenced my life in a positive, it would be the internet. This paper will discuss how the internet has influenced my life as well as society. If I’m going to tell you how the internet influenced my life, I will have to give you a brief history about how it all started. Today, many people think that the internet was invented in the mid 1990s, however, the internet was actually invented back in 1969 during the height of the Cold War. The internet was created because military expertsRead MoreNot Free Life Without The Internet1022 Words   |  5 PagesFeel free life without the internet Living in the information age, life seems to be easier since the internet fulfills almost all the requirements of human need. People can finish the work, pay the bill, pre-order the iPhone, learning courses, book a movie ticket or take a trip on the Google to see a big world in virtual. It will be pretty boring if the internet can only be used for doing academic research, getting through work and we definitely could be more various online but living in the virtualRead MoreHow Technology Has Taken Over Our Brains By Controlling Us1106 Words   |  5 Pagesconsequently lost the battle. If you think about it, what do these all have in common? The Internet. The devices are only valuable if the Internet functions. Many people favor in saying that electronic devices are a negative influence, or that it has made us lazy. If you get rid of the Internet, it’s a whole new different story. The Internet is the key to everything and I have to admit that it changed my life. It expanded my discovery on the world. Previously, if you wanted to know how a place was surveyedRead MoreHow Technology Has Taken Over Our Brains By Controlling Us1107 Words   |  5 Pages The Internet. The devices are only valuable if the Internet functions. Many people like to say that electronic devices are a negative influence, or that it has made us lazy. If you take away the Internet, it’s a whole new different story. The Internet is the key to everything and I have to admit that it changed my life. It expanded my discovery on the world. Previously, if you wanted to know how a place looked, for example, a country, you’d have to search the books. With the Internet, I amRead MoreThe Problem Of The Internet1263 Words   |  6 Pagesmore and If you are a teen, then you are probably a victim of it. You may not even think it, but you could be addicted to the internet. The Internet has made life alot easier by making information more accessible to all and creating connections with different people around the world. Internet is more than likely the biggest piece of technology that we have today. The internet is a worldwide system of computer networks and people use this technology everyday. It’s on computers, on game systems, andRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology On Our Brain968 Words   |  4 Pagespeoples’ daily life. People rely on the information on webs without truly evaluating the trustworthiness of the site. There might be some trustworthy webs but most of them doesn’t contain an accurate and precise information. Since all the information are available on internet, we complete our tasks through internet and never truly utilize our brains. In other words, our brain becomes more indolent and worthless due to the easy accessible of information and laziness. I tend to use the internet anytime IRead MoreSociology assignment on primary and secondary groups1521 Words   |  7 Pagesin primary groups would be of course, my first primary group I was introduced to, my family. My family and I are generally very close and they know almost everything about me. If there is one source you want to go to other than me to find out about me, it would be my family. My family has influenced many different aspects of my life. For one they formed my morals and the main way I see the world. Although, there are some things I like to see differently than my family, there is a general outline ofRead MoreThe Internet-a Curse, Not a Blessing1519 Words   |  7 Pages‘The Internet- a curse, not a blessing.’ Beyond a shadow of a doubt, the invention of the Internet is one of man’s greatest and most spectacular endeavours. For, it has truly revolutionalized the world in regards to how we engage in business, recreate, socialize, educate ourselves and communicate with each other. The Internet eliminated all impediments of conventional methods of operations. Through its construction, the world economies have flourished. Therefore, it can be said in a nut shellRead MoreHow Does Facebook Impact on Your Life?1487 Words   |  6 Pagesyour life? What is the most popular social network in the world? I believe that most people prefer the answer â€Å"Facebook†. Nowadays, there are more and more people join the Facebook. You can always see such situations that some people refresh their Facebook when they have nothing to doï ¼Å' and there are some people even only use Facebook to keep in touch with others. Actually, Facebook has already become a part of our life; and it changed our lives in four aspects: it changed our online life, relationshipsRead MoreCyber Bullying. Today, This Is The Most Popular Topic Amongst1233 Words   |  5 Pagesrelates a story about a student named David Knight’s unbearable life entering the internet. Later in 2014, Rachel Simmons, a former Rhodes Scholar and the founding director of the Girls Leadership Institute, wrote an article titled â€Å"Cyberbullying is a Growing Problem.† Simmons’ article addressed the impact of cyber bullying in the 21st century and actions sch ool officials and parents overlooked when they are unaware of their child’s internet activities. The increasing use of social network sites like

A Fools Handbook to Persaasiv Essay Topics Explained

A Fool's Handbook to Persaasiv Essay Topics Explained There are a couple of straightforward guidelines to follow to be able to be in a position to compose a fantastic persuasive essay. To compose a middle school essay outline step one is to recognize the sort of essay you want to write. Always remember a great persuasive essay needs to be persuasive. There are a number of essay writing services that think they're the very best, and therefore don't be cheated and check the real collection of the very best. Middle school essay examples incorporate a number of short essays like narrative, persuasive and analytical. Just as with any other essay, you've got to format it accordingly. Presentation is vital. Persaasiv Essay Topics Sure, with this kind of an enormous number of topics to pick from, picking just one may be challenging. Since you can see, a lot of the topics listed are new and tackle the recent issues happening in the World today. If you would like to find high high quality research and thesis papers punctually and for a sensible price, you should probably try out using EssaySupply.com. A broad subject always seems simpler to write about as you're able to discover a lot of materials about it. Where to Find Persaasiv Essay Topics Test essay questions will be contingent on the topic, obviously. Therefore, you've got to come across enough substantial evidence for the specific topic. It's needless to say that you should decide on a subject that you regard as interesting. It will be simpler that you compose an excellent persuasive essay if it's a subject in which you have knowledge. Persaasiv Essay Topics The cost of an essay is dependent upon the quantity of effort the writer has to exert. As an example, let's say you select the very first topic from our list. You still have to make an outstanding bit of writing. As you start looking for psychology essay topic ideas, the very first thing that you should think about is the guidelines for your essay given by your instructor. After you settle on the subject and select the position on which you will base your essay, the remainder of the job can then begin. The very first thing you need to realize searching for an ideal topic is that your opinion is the thing that matters the most. There are a lot of intriguing topics that could be become a persuasive essay if you take the opportunity to consider about doing it. In the procedure for picking a topic, it's also wise to test your argument. Our qualified academic experts will help you to find an ideal persuasive essay topic according to all of your requirements and compose a custom-tailored model answer. To choose which subject you're likely to discuss, it's crucial to see the complete collection of good persuasive speech topics from the special area of study. After you choose a topic, you have to reply to the query and substantiate your response with three or more motivations as to why you think like that. School tests aren't effective. Consider what you could do in order to make your school more beautiful. School should happen in the evenings. Year round school isn't a good idea. The Birth of Persaasiv Essay Topics Training to compose essays on various topics is going to be the very best preparation to the exam. All persuasive essays are like argumentative essays. Usually Middle school essays topics are made to concentrate very spec ifically on a single story or maybe to delve into one definite topic. Research-based topics require students to collect information till they write. Facts, Fiction and Persaasiv Essay Topics Since you may see, there are lots of ideas for persuasive essay topics for college students all that it requires to create one is a little bit of imagination! Since you can see there are limitless opportunities for everybody who'd love to compose a fantastic essay. Before students begin to write, it is a fantastic idea for them to earn a list of the points they would like to make to their readers. A student ought to keep in contact with the hottest trends and know which persuasive essay topics are related to sound convincing in regards to defending personal opinions. There are just a few things that define whether an essay you're working on is going to be a good one. Understanding how to compose a strong argumentative paper will help you advance your very own argumentative thinking. Although having the ability to write persuasively can look like a difficult thing for children to learn, remind them that everyone has valid opinions. Utilizing introductory transitions would let your readers know that you're going to get started defending or supporting your primary argument. Students ought to be permitted to pray in school. Children should be asked to read more. They watch too much television. They spend most of their waking hours in school.

Physics and Science Free Essays

string(69) " on a far from trivial in the everyday sense of the physical theory\." Of course, nuclear explosions, power sources, â€Å"lawlessness† of computers and lasers, new materials show that the focus of interest of scientists extends far beyond the â€Å"fragments of the last century. † However overact image of the scientist, and the whole science – tenacious. Although little can be so far from the truth as painting created impressionable and ardent poet. We will write a custom essay sample on Physics and Science or any similar topic only for you Order Now Even when Mayakovsky wrote his verse, and in science and around Shakespeare’s dramas quite scale. To be understood correctly, I should note that the question â€Å"To be or not to be† as applied to humanity and not the individual, though considerable, was first raised by physicists precisely and on the achievements of physics. It’s not by chance that for about three centuries were marked by the science. People involved in it, opened and opened the fundamental laws of nature that determine the structure and movement of material objects in a large range of distances, time and mass. Ranges of these great – from the small, atomic and subatomic to the cosmic and universal. Of course, this is not physics said â€Å"Let there be light,† but they found its nature and properties, set contrast to the darkness, and have learned to manage them. In its work, physics, crucially the largest of them, have developed a certain way of thinking, the main elements of which is the willingness to rely on well-tested, fundamental laws and the ability of a complex nature, and the public, a phenomenon highlight the main element, as simple as possible, that allows us to understand the very complex phenomenon under consideration. These features allow physicists approach very successfully deal with problems often lie far beyond their specialization. Confidence in the unity of the laws of nature, based on extensive experimental material, confidence in their fairness, coupled with a clear understanding of the limitations of the applicability of existing laws physics pushes forward, abroad unknown today. Physics – the science is complicated. It requires a lot of intellectual effort from the people who do it. It is incompatible with the amateurish. I remember how, at the end of the University and the Shipbuilding Institute in 1958, I was standing at the crossroads – where to go next. And my father, very far from science, asked me if I could go back to engineering after a dozen years of studying physics. My answer was an unqualified â€Å"yes. † â€Å"In physics, after ten years of engineering? â€Å", – He said. My â€Å"no† and identified a further choice, which is not sorry and I do not regret a second. The complexity of physics and the importance of its results that create a picture of the world and encourage the spread of its ideas far beyond most of this science in the public interest to her. I will give some of these ideas, in the order received. This is a scientific (not speculative! ) Atomism, the opening of the electromagnetic field, the mechanical theory of heat, the establishment of the relativity of space and time, the concept of an expanding universe, and quantum leaps in principle, not because of the error, the probabilistic nature of the physical processes in the first place, the micro- level, the grand unification of all interactions, establishing the existence of not directly observable subatomic particles – quarks. Here then there are popular books that are designed not to teach physics beginners, and explain her interest. There is another purpose of popular books, including the very well-known to people of my generation is â€Å"Entertaining Physics† Yakov Perelman, not relative ME Perelman. I am referring to a demonstration of how much things in everyday life, familiar to us technique and technology, one can understand qualitatively, based only on the well-known fundamental laws of physics in the first place – the law of conservation of energy and momentum, and the confidence that they are universally applicable. Objects of the laws of physics are vast. Why not pour water into the boiling oil, why stars twinkle in the sky, why is twisted water, emerging from the bathroom, why crack the whip and why the driver spins it over his head, to enhance the sound of the click, why ever would try to jump off the rail locomotives, but never make it electric? Why roars menacingly approaching plane and moving away, he moves to a falsetto, and why dancers or figure skaters begin to spin, throwing open wide â€Å"arms,† but then quickly pressed his hands to the body? Of the â€Å"why† of each in everyday encounters, not to mention not everyday life in abundance. They may be useful to learn to see, train yourself to find incomprehensible. Books by E. Perelman contain a record number of such questions â€Å"why? † (Five hundred), give them the answers, in most cases – definitely right, sometimes – beckoning to the discussion, occasionally – probably incorrect, provoking disagreement. There are questions that science has to date simple and generally accepted answer. Hence, the reader is room for an intense intellectual work. Along the way, the author explains the ell-known professionals to but less severe confusion among outsiders. That is, the author emphasizes the operational nature of many of the definitions in such a universally recognized exact science like physics. Professionals know that even the most fundamental of concepts, which operates physics, such as time and energy, space and momentum adjusted as fur ther development of science itself. Even the vacuum, once the analogue of absolute emptiness, lack of anything was self-evident in the â€Å"empty† space in time â€Å"overgrown† means non-trivial features of the primitive raises complex object of study. Versatility physical approach dictates a similar attitude to the definitions of non-trivial concepts and other areas that are very far from physics. Read books mentioned ME Perelman interesting and professionals – to argue, to find other, allowing a simple, sometimes graphic, explaining the issue. But a layman can expand your horizons, not necessarily rushing to their own, different from the author, explanation. It is worth remembering that the writing – verbal impression, often greatly simplified, with sometimes very complex physical concepts, based on a far from trivial in the everyday sense of the physical theory. You read "Physics and Science" in category "Papers" No need to follow the example of the real character, the director of one of the Moscow Research Institute who denied particular theory of relativity (general he chityval! ) Because the formula is the speed of light! â€Å"What would happen if the light off? † – Wrote in the science department of the Central Committee of the CPSU venerable gunmaker. Studying physics, beginning to understand its laws, shall be attached to the special beauty, there is actually an extra dimension to the perception of the surrounding world. This was written when – the great physicist Richard Feynman, noting that understanding the nature of the glow of stars, the mechanism of their birth and death makes the picture night sky even more beautiful and romantic. I wish, in conclusion, to mention one, a few unexpected side benefit of knowledge of physics, though by no means superficial. About him once told Academician Migdal. It lights up in the mountains and attractions nearby couple. The young man explained his pleasant companion, why daytime sky is blue. He told her about the scattering of light, referred to Lord – theoretical Rayleigh. The girl was sitting with his mouth open, looking admiringly at the scholar. But of the bore, and he, showing carelessness and inattention to a senior, said that the probability of scattering of radiation is proportional to the cube of the frequency. Migdal but was already on the alert. Remembering a classic, it is appropriate only in a very weakened form, say, perhaps, academic â€Å"in thought, under the night darkness, mouth kiss the bride. â€Å"Young man, the probability of scattering can not be proportional to the cube of the frequency – it would clearly be contrary to the invariance of the theory with respect to time reversal. The relay, as it should be, the probability is not proportional to the cube, and the fourth power of the frequency! † – In his usual tone, dogmatic said Migdal. Needless to say, that triangle changes shape, and the fat was cathetus hypotenuse, reaching the top. In short, read about physics and who is not too late – learn it. It will pay off. Physics in Medicine Medical physics – the science of the system, which consists of the physical devices and radiation, medical diagnostic equipment and technology. The purpose of medical physics – the study of these systems for prevention and diagnosis, and treatment of patients using the methods and tools of physics, mathematics and engineering. Nature of the disease and the mechanism of recovery in many cases have biophysical explanation. Medical physicists are directly involved in clinical processes, combining physical and medical knowledge, sharing with the doctor responsible for the patient. The development of medicine and physics have always been closely intertwined. Even in ancient times medicine used for medicinal purposes physical factors such as heat, cold, sound, light, and various mechanical actions (Hippocrates, Avicenna and others). First medical physicist, Leonardo da Vinci (five hundred years ago), who conducted the study of mechanics of movement of the human body. The most prolific medicine and physics were to interact with the end of the XVIII – XIX centuries. , When they were discovered electricity and electromagnetic waves, that is, with the advent of electricity. To name a few names of great scientists who have made important discoveries in different epochs. End of XIX – the middle of the twentieth century. connected with the discovery of X-rays, radioactivity, theories of atomic structure, electromagnetic radiation. These discoveries are associated with the names of C. Roentgen, Becquerel, M. Sklodowska-Curie, D. Thomson, Planck, Bohr, Einstein, Rutherford. Medical physics has truly establish itself as an independent science and profession only in the second half of the twentieth century. – With the advent of the atomic age. In medicine, have been widely used radiodiagnostic gamma apparatus, electronic and proton accelerators radiodiagnostic gamma camera, CT scanners, and others, hyperthermia and magnetic therapy, laser, ultrasound, and other medical and physical techniques and instruments. Medical physics has many sections and titles: medical radiation physics, clinical physics, physics oncology, therapeutic and diagnostic physics. The most important event in the field of medical examination may be the creation of CT scanners, which have broadened the study of almost all organs and systems of the human body. OCT have been installed in hospitals around the world, and a large number of physicists, engineers and doctors worked on improving techniques and methods of bringing it almost to the limits of the possible. The development of nuclear medicine is a combination of methods and physical methods radiofarmatsevtiki registration of ionizing radiation. Positron-emission tomography imaging was invented in 1951 and published in the paper of Rennes. Physics and literature In life, sometimes without realizing it, physics and literature are closely intertwined. Ever since ancient times, people in order to convey to posterity literary word, used the invention, based on knowledge of physics. On the life of the German inventor Johannes Gutenberg is little. However, the great inventor, to convey to us the literary masterpieces studied the laws of physics and mechanics. Organized them in printing, he published the first book in Europe, which has played an important role in human development. The first Russian printer – Ivan Fedorov, was known to contemporaries as a scientist and inventor. For example, he was able to cast cannon invented multilateral mortar. A first remarkable images of the literary and art of printing – â€Å"The Apostle† (1564) and â€Å"Chasovnikov† (1565) will remain forever in people’s memory. The name of Mikhail Lomonosov we call one of the first in the series of the most remarkable representatives of the national science and culture. The great physicist, he left a number of works that are important for the industrial development of Russia. A large part of his scientific work took optics. He manufactured optical instruments and original mirror telescopes. Exploring the sky with their instruments, inspired by the infinite universe, Lomonosov wrote beautiful poetry: Opened an abyss full of stars. The stars of not, the abyss – the bottom †¦ Without such a science as physics would not be a literary genre as science – fiction. One of the founders of the genre was the French writer Jules Verne (1828 – 1905 gg. ) Inspired by the great discoveries of the XIX century, the famous writer surrounded physics glamor. All of his book â€Å"From the Earth to the Moon† (1865), â€Å"The Children of Captain Grant† (1867-68 gg. ), â€Å"20,000 Leagues Under the Sea† (1869-70 gg. , â€Å"The Mysterious Island† (1875 . ) are imbued with the romance of this science. In turn, many inventors and designers inspired the incredible adventures of heroes of Jules Verne. For example, the Swiss scientist – physicist Auguste Piccard, like repeating the path of fantastic characters he invented climbed into the stratosphere stratosphere, making the first step towards uncovering the mysteries of cosmic rays. The next fad A. Piccard was the idea of the conquest of the sea depths. The inventor himself sinking to the sea floor and to build them bathyscaphe (1948). For about 160 years ago in â€Å"Notes of the Fatherland† published â€Å"Letters on the Study of Nature† (1844 – 1845). Herzen – one of the most important and original works in the history of philosophy as well as natural science, Russian thought. Revolutionary, philosopher, author of one of the masterpieces of classical Russian literature works â€Å"My Past and Thoughts† – Herzen, however, was keenly interested in the natural sciences, including physics, he has repeatedly stressed in his writings. Now you need to turn to the literary heritage of Tolstoy. First, because the great writer was a teacher – the practice, and second, that his works relate to the natural sciences. Best known for the comedy â€Å"The Fruits of Enlightenment. † The writer is extremely negative attitude â€Å"to all kinds of superstitions,† he believed that they â€Å"hamper and hinder the true teaching it to penetrate into the soul of the people. † Tolstoy understand the role of science in society: first, he was a supporter of the organization of society on sound science, and second, it makes a powerful emphasis on the moral – ethical standards, and because of this science in the treatment of Tolstoy are secondary science . That is why Tolstoy ridiculed in â€Å"Fruits of Enlightenment† Moscow gentry in the heads of which are mixed science and Antiscience. I must say that at the time of Tolstoy on the one hand that time, physics is in deep crisis due to the experimental verification of the main tenets of the theory of the electromagnetic field, which disproved the hypothesis of the existence of Maxwell’s world ether, that is, the physical environment, which transmits electromagnetic interactions Of course, nuclear explosions, power sources, â€Å"lawlessness† of computers and lasers, new materials show that the focus of interest of scientists extends far beyond the â€Å"fragments of the last century. † However overact image of the scientist, and the whole science – tenacious. Although little can be so far from the truth as painting created impressionable and ardent poet. Even when Mayakovsky wrote his verse, and in science and around Shakespeare’s dramas quite scale. To be understood correctly, I should note that the question â€Å"To be or not to be† as applied to humanity and not the individual, though considerable, was first raised by physicists precisely and on the achievements of physics. It’s not by chance that for about three centuries were marked by the science. People involved in it, opened and opened the fundamental laws of nature that determine the structure and movement of material objects in a large range of distances, time and mass. Ranges of these great – from the small, atomic and subatomic to the cosmic and universal. Of course, this is not physics said â€Å"Let there be light,† but they found its nature and properties, set contrast to the darkness, and have learned to manage them. In its work, physics, crucially the largest of them, have developed a certain way of thinking, the main elements of which is the willingness to rely on well-tested, fundamental laws and the ability of a complex nature, and the public, a phenomenon highlight the main element, as simple as possible, that allows us to understand the very complex phenomenon under consideration. How to cite Physics and Science, Papers

The Harvey Memory Project - The Writers For Hire

THE HARVEY MEMORY PROJECT It’s hard to believe that it has already been more than a year since Hurricane Harvey dropped more than 30 trillion gallons of water along the Texas Gulf Coast, causing immeasurable amounts of destruction and devastation. To those who experienced the disaster firsthand, memories of those days (and the months of recovery after) are burned forever in their minds. In an effort to preserve, protect, and archive those memories, Rice University, Houston Public Library, Harris County Public Library, and the University of Houston Libraries have teamed up to form the Harvey Memory Project. The project, which is funded by the Rice Houston Engagement and Recovery Effort and by the Rice Humanities Research Centers Public Humanities Initiative, aims to collect various stories, pictures, and audio-visual recordings from people who survived the epic hurricane. The contributions that are collected will be held in a memorial repository, which will be available for use by both the general public and by researchers and students studying the history of Hurricane Harvey. For more information, to make a contribution, or to browse stories and pictures that have already been submitted, just click here: Harvey Memory Project.

Why Great Leaders Should Be Great Writers

Why Great Leaders Should Be Great Writers Much has been written on the qualities of a good leader. Top-10 lists from leadership gurus and online articles generally offer characteristics such as influential, passionate, dedicated, disciplined, and great communication skills (to name a few) as the most valued qualities a leader can demonstrate. However, not all these lists touch on one of the most important qualities of a great leader, which is being a great writer.Theres a reason why degree programs across a variety of fields require extensive writing- writing is an essential skill in the business world. Equally, there are several reasons why leaders should focus on honing their writing abilities, especially if they want to build their personal brand as someone who knows how to lead and lead well.As a leader, youre likely writing a lot. It simply comes with the territory in most management or leadership positions. Whether its a quick memo or a larger thought leadership piece to be published in the company newsletter, every wo rd you write will reveal something about your character. So lets discuss how this happens and the reasons why to hone your writing skills even more if you are in a leadership role.Leaders are influencers and good writing influencesPhoto by Helloquence on UnsplashYouve likely often heard the adage, The pen is mightier than the sword. While this proverb was written in reference to a free press being more important than political violence, it holds true for other facets of life as well.Good writing can be enormously influential. It can sway hearts and minds, it can clarify points that were unclear, it can rally support for a cause, and it can bring people together with an inspiring message. As a leader, being able to do these things through your writing is crucial if you want to gain the type of respect and devotion great leaders need to get things accomplished.Particularly if a company is experiencing quick growth, sharing your vision and strategy through writing ensures that everyone is on the same page with a shared mission for the future. While writing doesnt replace face-to-face conversation, it can offer leaders a valuable way to connect with employees and relate information that is personalized to a particular department or initiative.Another reason leaders should be producing thoughtful, well-written content is that it allows them to be influencers within their industry, as well. Trade journals, industry magazines, online forums and many other publishing opportunities are available to push written content and build your brand as a thought leader and expert in your field.Leaders should model great communication skillsPhoto by Lubo Minar on UnsplashRonald Reagan, John Kennedy, Barack Obama, Martin Luther King, Jr.- some of the greatest leaders in history have also been great communicators and writers. Being able to speak comfortably (and write the same) to any audience is the mark of a leader who understands the importance of their position and doesnt take it lightly.And leaders like these also understood that every word spoken (or written) could have enormous consequences. Therefore, every word must be chosen with care and concern that seeks to avoid miscommunication or misunderstandings within an organization. As Mark Twain wrote, The difference between the right word and the almost right word is the difference between lightning and the lightning bug.Another mark of modeling these communication skills is when leaders are able to successfully communicate with people on their level. Whether this is speaking to employees, members of a board, leadership team peers, or another organization- finding the right words and expressions to connect with others is crucial to maintaining the kind of respect a leader needs to maintain to effectively lead others.Leaders should demonstrate creativity and passion- both can be done through writingPhoto by Ian Schneider on UnsplashSteve Jobs, former CEO of Apple, once said, You have to be burning with a n idea, or a problem, or a wrong that you want to right. If youre not passionate enough from the start, youll never stick it out. He also practiced what he preached. According to this article, Steve Jobs passion and creativity not only helped found Apple- it moved the company into wildly unpredictable success through his constant push for new gadgets and fresh ideas being brought to life. Jobs was, above all else, creative in his pursuit of new technology and this became evident from his earliest leadership role.One of the easiest ways to demonstrate this level of passion and creativity is through writing. Something as simple as a company newsletter with articles from thought leadership circles allows employees to see the level of passion their leaders have for the organization and their role in it. Building on this, leaders can show their creativity through discussing ideas of future growth or changes while asking for feedback from others in the process.Leaders should be trusted an d poor writing/grammar decreases thatPhoto by Bernard Hermant on UnsplashWhen your writing is full of grammatical errors, poor word choice, confusing structure, or spelling issues, your audience will not take you as seriously- its a simple fact about human nature. This is especially true for leaders, who need to maintain integrity in their work, communication, and role as an influencer. Leaders work hard to build their image. They want to be seen as capable and trustworthy, especially in a time when there is a general lack of trust in leadership among employees. A lack of employee trust due to a leaders poor communication skills (whether written or spoken) can sow seeds of doubt in the leaders ability to do his or her job effectively.What to do (and what to avoid)Now that you understand the reasons why great leaders should be great writers, lets break it down into some best practices to follow, along with mistakes to avoid. These rules pertain to writing that is made public (or at l east available to everyone in the company), such as newsletters, online forums, industry publications or website content.As a leader, your writing should†¦Be positive, encouraging, hopeful and inspiring. These qualities make people want to read what you have written because they like to be uplifted and inspired.Be tactful. Sometimes choosing the right word can mean the difference between your writing coming across as disparaging or encouraging.Model the attitude and philosophy of your company, organization, or brand. As a leader, you are the voice of your company or department. Make sure that voice reflects well on your business.Be well researched, without inaccuracies in statistics or facts presented.Your writing should not†¦Include public shaming or fault-finding in others. This sort of negativity in purpose will only do more harm than good, in most situations. If there is a problem to address, it is often best handled through face-to-face conversation with the parties i nvolved.Have any grammar, syntax, punctuation, or spelling errors. As mentioned earlier, these types of easily avoidable mistakes can affect a leaders reputation negatively. With online editors available and many offering 1 to 2-hour turnaround times for projects, theres really no excuse to publish writing containing these errors.Include quotes or references to others work without proper citation of the source material.Above all, keep in mind that developing your skills as a writer isnt something that can happen overnight. Continue to learn best practices as a writer and expert in your field, and youll find that your writing will improve (along with your leadership skills).

Amplification Definition and Examples in Rhetoric

Amplification Definition and Examples in Rhetoric Amplification is a rhetorical term for all the ways that an argument, explanation, or description can be expanded and enriched. Also called rhetorical amplification. A natural virtue in an oral culture, amplification provides redundancy of information, ceremonial amplitude, and scope for a memorable syntax and diction (Richard Lanham, A Handlist of Rhetorical Terms, 1991). In The Arte of Rhetorique  (1553), Thomas Wilson (who regarded amplification as a method of the invention) emphasized the value of this strategy: Among all the figures of rhetoric, there is no one that helpeth forward an oration and beautifieth the same with such delightful ornaments as doth amplification. In both speech and writing, amplification tends to accentuate the importance of a topic and  induce an emotional response (pathos) in the  audience. Examples and Observations In amplification, writers repeat something theyve just said while adding more details and information to the original description. . .The main purpose of amplification is to focus the readers attention on an idea he or she might otherwise miss.(Brendan McGuigan, Rhetorical Devices: A Handbook and Activities for Student Writers. Prestwick House, 2007) One of the Biggest Trees in Pittsburgh A massive tree centuries old holds out against the odds here across from my mothers house, one of the biggest trees in Pittsburgh, anchored in a green tangle of weeds and bushes, trunk thick as a Buick, black as night after rain soaks its striated hide. Huge spread of its branches canopies the foot of the hill where the streets come together. Certain times of day in summer it shades my mothers front porch. If it ever tore loose from its moorings, it would crush her house like a sledgehammer. . . . (John Edgar Wideman, All Stories Are True. The Stories of John Edgar Wideman. Random House, 1996) Bill Bryson on Britain's Landscapes In terms of natural wonders, you know, Britain is a pretty unspectacular place. It has no alpine peaks or broad rift valleys, no mighty gorges or thundering cataracts. It is built to really quite a modest scale. And yet with a few unassuming natural endowments, a great deal of time and an unfailing instinct for improvement, the makers of Britain created the most superlatively park-like landscapes, the most orderly cities, the handsomest provincial towns, the jauntiest seaside resorts, the stateliest homes, the most dreamily spired, cathedral-rich, castle-strewn, abbey-bedecked, folly-scattered, green-wooded, winding-laned, sheep-dotted, plumply hedgerowed, well-tended, sublimely decorated 50,318 square miles the world has ever knownalmost none of it undertaken with aesthetics in mind, but all of it adding up to something that is, quite often, perfect. What an achievement that is. (Bill Bryson, The Road to Little Dribbling: More Notes From a Small Island. Doubleday, 2015)   Dickens on Newness Mr. and Mrs. Veneering were bran-new people in a bran-new house in a bran-new quarter of London. Everything about the Veneerings was spick and span new. All their furniture was new, all their friends were new, all their servants were new, their place was new, . . . their harness was new, their horses were new, their pictures were new, they themselves were new, they were as newly-married as was lawfully compatible with their having a bran-new baby, and if they had set up a great-grandfather, he would have come home in matting from Pantechnicon, without a scratch upon him, French-polished to the crown of his head. (Charles Dickens, Our Mutual Friend, 1864-65) "More Light!" Goethes final words: More light. Ever since we crawled out of that primordial slime, thats been our unifying cry: More light. Sunlight. Torchlight. Candlelight. Neon. Incandescent. Lights that banish the darkness from our caves, to illuminate our roads, the insides of our refrigerators. Big floods for the night games at Soldiers field. Little tiny flashlight for those books we read under the covers when were supposed to be asleep. Light is more than watts and footcandles. Light is metaphor. Thy word is a lamp unto my feet. Rage, rage against the dying of the light. Lead, Kindly Light, amid the encircling gloom, Lead Thou me on! The night is dark, and I am far from homeLead Thou me on! Arise, shine, for thy light has come. Light is knowledge. Light is life. Light is light. (Chris Stevens, Northern Exposure, 1992) Henry Peacham on Amplification In The Garden of Eloquence  (1593), Henry  Peacham describes [the] effects [of amplification] in the following manner: It is full of light, plenty and variety causing the orator to teach and tell things plainly, to amplify largely, and to prove and conclude mightily. The very wording of this passage demonstrates the procedure of amplifying one term, amplification itself, and that with the purpose of catching the readers attention.(Thomas O. Sloane,  Encyclopedia of Rhetoric. Oxford University Press, 2001) Selective Amplification Judgment is to be exercised in deciding what thoughts require amplification and what do not. A greater degree of expansion is necessary in oral than in written discourse; and in popular works than in purely scientific. A brief exposition may be sufficient for those who have some acquaintance with the subject, while in addressing those of less intelligence a greater fullness of details is necessary. It is always a most serious fault to dwell on what is unimportant, trivial, or what can be supplied by the reader; it indicates a want of the power of just discrimination on the part of the writer. (Andrew D. Hepburn, Manual of English Rhetoric, 1875) The Lighter Side of Amplification: Blackadder's Crisis This is a crisis. A large crisis. In fact, if youve got a moment, its a twelve-story crisis with a magnificent entrance hall, carpeting throughout, 24-hour portage, and an enormous sign on the roof, saying This Is a Large Crisis. A large crisis requires a large plan. Get me two pencils and a pair of underpants. (Rowan Atkinson as Captain Blackadder in Goodbyeee. Blackadder Goes Forth, 1989) Pronunciation: am-pli-fi-KAY-shun Etymology: From the Latin enlargement

Who are you Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Who are you - Essay Example He will point out that soul is a non material substance that was hardly be transplanted with the help of a part of brain as the latter does not contain it in the strict meaning of this verb (Elkaisy-Friemuth and Dillon 2). One of the most important assumptions that are made by this kind of thinking is that if a body does, the soul is released free and there is no way to return it. It is understandable that Plato is not able to present any factual evidence to support his claims. That is why it would be logical to treat his position from the point of view of speculation as well as personal interpretation of the facts as Plato primarily refers to different consideration and logical models in order to convince the audience. The second friend who will express his opinion about the situation in question is Aristotle. His main argument will be focused on the idea that soul is closely connected to the body. Therefore, it is possible to influence the former with the help of the latter (Johansen 119). The most important assumption in this case is that if one locates the part of the body where the soul is, it is possible to remove it and place into a different body. Speaking of the factual evidence, Aristotle might suggest that unhealthy body is not able to produce a sound soul. While this evidence is factual, it may be rather difficult to verify as a lot of different abstract notions are taken into consideration. That is why, one would make no mistake while pointing out that the claims that are presented by Aristotle are also may be regarded as speculations. It is quite understandable that it is safe to accept the premises which are expressed by Plato regarding the impossibility of transplanting a soul with the help of a brain as the argument that he makes features sound logic. Of course, some might question several aspects of it such as What if the soul decided to choose a different

Optical Distortion, Inc Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Optical Distortion, Inc - Case Study Example The aim was to increase the egg production and meat for its customers. The firm, serving in most regions in the United States, has increased its revenue and is making substantial margins from the sale of eggs The population of birds continues to grow not only in the US but it is rapidly spreading to other parts such as Europe, South America and Latin America. It has increased the efficiency of poultry production by reducing the psychological stress and trauma caused by debeaking and cannibalism.. However, the main challenge has been price fixing as farmers would not want to be exploited or exorbitantly charged. The ODI continues to penetrate new and unexploited markets through timely strategies set by its executives. It has gained reputation in the last 50 years due to excellent customer excellence, cost leadership and continued research and development in the industry. Through timely panning, execution and evaluation of its marketing and other programs, it has gained and continues t o gain a larger market share in the industry. ANALYSIS Consumer Orientation A critical analysis of the firm reveals a set of problems that faces the firm. First, it how to hedge the ever increasing costs when farmers respond negatively to any increase in price. As the pointed out in the article, farmers would wish prices to remain low and affordable. This is regardless of many benefits a farmer derives from the services offered by the technical specialists from the firm such as reduced cannibalism, less trauma and greater feeding efficiency. It is pointed that advertising and promotional costs can only be offset if prices go beyond $0.08 per pair. Consumers learn about products from the advertising campaigns enacted and executed by the firm through promotional tools like trade shows, exhibition and newspapers in both local and national papers. Brand Awareness Consumers are well informed about the optical lenses manufactured by the firm as shown by the increasing population of birds in the all regions surveyed. A thorough examination of the chicken census reveals an upwards trend and has an incremental percentage of 6. %.It can deductively be revealed that more and more consumers both individual and organizational have favorable and regular purchasing patterns. Furthermore, through the services of breed and other extension service officers, consumers are motivated to purchase from the firm stocks. Company Capacity Optical Distortion Inc is worried about the costs that may soar higher with an increase in services without rising of prices. As evidenced from the financial statements, is an upcoming firm in the industry with a leaner budget and high production costs than the already established companies. Due to its limited resources and stiff competition from the mature firms, one of the executives is really worried about costs. The executive is indifference as whether to increase the advertising and promotional costs without increasing the price, as it will impac t negatively on its financial performance. Its capacity is further tainted by the firm’s dedication by the management as none of them, if fully devoted to the affairs of the company. As pointed out p6, their financial and managerial is limited as evidenced on the company’s balance sheet. However, the company has adopted offensive strategies of diversification, innovation and product development to suit a variety of needs of customers. Collaboration

Impact of Bullying and Interventions

Impact of Bullying and Interventions Kelli Piperata I. Introduction Harassment and bullying in schools is not given the attention that is needed to correct the problem. In the article, Low-Level Violence, A Neglected Aspect of School Culture, David Dupper and Nancy Meyer-Adams bring attention to the issues that students face due to bullying and harassment. In this essay, I will aim to demonstrate the different types of bullying, the impact it has on students and steps that can be taken to implement change within schools to correct these deviant behaviors. II. Bullying in Schools Bullying in schools is a form of harassment that includes psychological and physical deviant behaviors towards other students. Some forms of this bullying include social, physical, cyber and verbal abuse. According to the article, A Neglected Aspect of School Culture, there are different reasons for students being harassed by other students. For females this can be because they are pretty enough, or they are not dressed in the style of clothes that is currently the trending fashion. For boys there can also be multiple reasons for peer harassment such as, not being a part of a sports team and not having certain strengths that other male students may have. III. Other Forms of Harassment Bullying can take on different forms of harassment that is not always by fellow students. Peer sexual harassment is another issue that students face this form of harassment is mostly directed to the female student. Unwanted sexual comments, spreading rumors, grabbing a student, sexual jokes and gestures are some of the common forms of sexual harassment. Moreover, these actions can make a student self-conscious, uncomfortable and embarrassed, and not want to attend classes. A bigger issue with peer sexual harassment is that many students that are perpetuating these acts feel that they are not doing anything wrong, that it is a part of school life. Another disturbing issue is that there are teachers and personnel who witness these acts and yet they do nothing to reprimand the students that are partaking in these deviant acts. Another form of bullying can be directly attributed from teachers. This is a psychological form of abuse; however, it has been taken to physical levels as well. Teachers are in a position of authority and sometimes that authority role has taken advantage of by the teacher. There have been incidences of teachers mistreating students by using fear mongering tactics that include yelling, threatening, and embarrassing students in front of others. In addition, there are some cases where teachers also physically battered students by hitting them or grabbing them forcefully. The sexual orientation of students seems to be one of the prime targets of harassment by fellow peers. A student who is gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgender often are targets of homophobic fears of others. There is often physical and verbal out lashes towards these students, and often teachers and faculty do nothing to intervene or protect the victims in these situations. According to the reading, many times teachers, guidance counselors harbor the same feelings and may also act out on these feelings in the same manner as the students perpetrating these acts. Religious, cultural and racial bullying are also forms of harassment seen in schools. Students that do not share the same dominant religious ideologies can be targeted and ridiculed by other peers and persons of authority. Additionally, cultural differences are also a problem for students. Students and teachers who believe that the culture of others is perhaps weird or wrong are looking at it from a perspective of ethnocentrism. Furthermore, racism is also a part of bullying. Individuals who see someone that does not share the same skin color or has dissimilar features and reflect these notions onto other students is racial intimidation. VI. How Does Harassment Affect Students Students are affected in numerous ways due to low-level violence. In some cases, harassment can cause a student to take their own life, in other cases these victims can pushed so far that they retaliate and cause extreme harm upon others. Although taking their own life or inflicting harm on others may be extreme, they still in fact happen. However, there are less extreme implecations that are much more common for victims of bullying. Some of these effects may shape the rest of their lives, such as low-self-esteem and students dropping out of school. Additionally, students that are harassed may withdraw from their studies and feel isolated from social activities. This in effect hurts students outcomes on their grades as well as their overall experiences both socially and academically. Hazler (1994) stated that: [T]heir grades may suffer because their attention is being drawn away from learning. Being repeatedly victimized may push even good kids to extremes, such as starting fights or bringing weapons to school to exact vengeance on their tormentors, [and] even students and adults who are witnesses are affected [in that] they must deal with the lowered self-esteem and loss of control that accompanies feeling unsafe and unable to take action. The result is children and adults who do all they can to avoid recognizing when someone else is being hurt. V. How to Implement Change There are a number of ways to implement change within the school systems. One way is for parents, teachers and faculty members to not tolerate these types of behaviors. When they witness an individual bullying or harassing a student they should intervene and take the appropriate actions to stop this from reoccurring. In addition, teachers and faculty members should attend workshops that are properly educating professionals on how to deescalate and handle these situations. Overall, the change must come from the culture within the school, in order to achieve this, school should embrace and promote diversity, positive reinforcements and a no tolerance approach towards individuals who choose to perpetuate acts of bullying and harassment. VI. Conclusion Bullying and harassment is a growing problem within schools that is not being addressed properly. Students are not the only ones that are perpetrating these acts, school faculty are sometimes also ones that are guilty of these behaviors. The victims of low-level-violence are often faced with negative and lifelong impacts including low-self-esteem and sometimes victims seek out retaliation against their perpetrators. There are ways to implement change and create a diverse atmosphere for schools but certain guidelines, techniques and procedures need to be put in place for faculty and teachers. References David R. Dupper, Nancy Meyer-Adams. Low-Level Violence, A Neglected Aspect of School Culture. Jeanne H. Ballantine, Joan Z. Spade. Schools and Society. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications, 2015. 200-208. Print.

Asses sociological explanations for ethnic differences in educational achievement Essay

Ethnicity refers to shared cultural practices, perspectives, and distinctions that set apart one group of people from another. That is, ethnicity is a shared cultural heritage. The most common characteristics distinguishing various ethnic groups are ancestry, a sense of history, language and religion. Modern Britain is said to be a multicultural society made up of many different ethnic groups. Achievement within education is very varied across cultures, with some such as Chinese and Indian students performing above the average, and African-Caribbean and Pakistani students performing well below average. There are many factors which can reduce a child from an ethnic backgrounds attainment. For instance, Material deprivation. Material deprivation focuses on income inequality and the material problems that are associated with it. An example of such a study is J. W. B Douglas, ‘The Home and The School’ (1964). He argued that an interlocking network of inequalities existed which operated against many working class students. This included, differential effects of regional and variations in educational provision and expenditure. Also, housing and environmental factors. Which led to chances of access to ‘good’ primary schools. Therefore, hindering the chance of access to top streams. As a result, minority ethnic children are more likely to live in low-income households. This means they face the problems that Douglas highlighted, the material factors, such as poor quality housing, no working space and even possibly bad influence of peers. One other reason for differences in educational achievement between ethnicities is the basic family life. African-Caribbean communities have a high level of lone parenthood. Actually, it is estimated 50% of African-Caribbean households have a lone-parent . This can mean that many face financial problems, this can lead to lower achievement in school (Douglas’ material factors). Conversely, single mothers can be a positive role model or influence for many young girls, meaning they perform better in education. Another explanation for ethnic differences is Language. For many children of an ethnic minority English is not their primary language. This can be a disadvantage because they may not understand exams as well as others. Also they might struggle to express themselves with limited English. Finally, some teachers may mistake poor English for a lack of intelligence, when actually this could be completely untrue, meaning that a clever child may be let down by the teacher who might not push the student to their full potential. However, you could argue that Chinese and Indian students first language isn’t English, on the other hand in these two cultures it is the norm to learn English as a strong second language. Therefore, they are not hindered by the second language barrier, as opposed to Bangladeshi’s for example. Language was such a big issue that Bernstein (1973) categorised students into two groups. Elaborated and restricted. In the case of an elaborated code, the speaker will select from a relatively extensive range of alternatives. However in the case of a restricted code the number of these alternatives is often severely limited. Bernstein’s work was not always praised. For instance, Labov (1974) argued that young blacks in the United States, although using language which certainly seems an example of the restricted code, nevertheless display a clear ability to argue logically. Their lack of knowledge concerning the subject may reach further than just the exams they have to take. For instance, due to the large amount of failing black Caribbean’s and Bangladeshi’s (a combined total of 41% managed to get 5 A* – C grades), teachers may be subconsciously prejudiced against ethnic minorities. This can lower the students attainments in many ways, one is that the teachers give the student lower grades. Another way is that the teacher negatively labels a student of ethnic minority which can lead to self-fulfilling prophecy. Racism can also lead to conflict between students and teachers, making learning a much harder task. Lastly, racism can lead to low-self esteem among ethnic minorities. A researcher who studies this was Howard Becker (1971). Becker Interviewed 60 Chicago high school teachers. He found that they judged pupils according to how closely they fitted image of â€Å"ideal pupil†. Their conduct & appearance influenced judgement. Middle class was closest to ideal, working class furthest away & labelled as badly behaved. As a result you can see, if teachers labelled students on how they look, you can imagine how they would label a whole ethnic race. Another factor for ethnic differences in educational achievement is the ethnocentric curriculum. There are several reasons why ethnic minorities may struggle due to this curriculum. One is that the subjects often focus on British culture; naturally White British students will have grown up with this culture, so they might have a greater understanding of the content than students who grew up in a different culture. Another reason is that the content of the curriculum could lower ethnic minorities self-esteem, this is because often the white character is seen as â€Å"good† and superior whilst the ethnic minorities are seen as â€Å"not as academic†. However, it is crucial not to forget that every ethnic minority underachieves at this level. In fact, in the UK, Chinese and Indian pupils score better grades than the â€Å"White† ethnic race. One of the main reasons for this is the support of the parents. Research has shown that some parents of ethnic minority, such as Chinese and Indian, take more interest in their child’s education, they also encourage their child more than other in other cultures. This obviously leads to higher achievement for the child. Not only the parents play a part. Some teachers may stereotype some ethnic minorities to be intelligent and hard-working. This encouragement and sort of support can aid a student in raising their grades. To conclude, there are many sociological explanations for the ethnic differences in educational achievement, from language barriers to family life at home. However, it is important to remember not all ethnic minorities to underachieve. Rafi Kentafi – Lindill 12P.

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